JE Translation

Immigration terminology

admin — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 23:04:33 +0000

Here are some terms found on US form I-485, Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status. For the most part, these are in the order they appear on the form.

As with any terminology, confirm accuracy before use.

English	日本語
fund	基金
foundation	財団
society	団体
military service	兵役 (へいえき)
crime of moral turpitude	不道徳な犯罪
offense	犯罪
cite	法廷に召喚する (しょうかん)
indict	起訴する
convict (passive)	有罪の判決を受ける
fine	罰金を科する
imprison	投獄する (とうごく)
ordinance	法令
traffic violation	交通違反
pardon	恩赦 (おんしゃ)
amnesty	大赦
rehabilitation decree	更生命令
clemency	寛大な処置
diplomatic immunity	外交官免責特権 (外交特権)
prosecute	訴追する (そつい = 起訴)
criminal offense	刑事犯
public assistance	公的扶助 (ふじょ)
municipality	地方自治体
prostitute	売春 (男の・女の)
vice	悪徳
gambling	賭博 (とばく)
encourage	奨励する (しょうれい)
induce	仕向ける
abet (a crime)	そそのかす
illicit	不法な
traffic	不正取引する
controlled substance	規制品目
collude	結託する
sabotage	破壊行為, 妨害行為
kidnap	誘拐する
political assassination	政治的暗殺
hijack	乗っ取る (ハイジャックする)
espionage	諜報 (スパイ行為)
overthrow	打倒する (倒す)
evade the law	法の網をくぐる
sensitive	機密な
totalitarianism	全体主義
deport	追放する
remove	追う (おう)
exclusion	入国拒否
recission	廃棄
fradulent	詐欺的な, 不正な
final order	最終命令
civil penalty	民事刑罰
willful	故意の
misrepresentation	不正確に述べる, 誤り伝える
material fact	重大な事実
benefit	利益
draft (evade)	徴兵 (忌避= きひ)
Armed Forces	国軍
custody (withhold)	親権保留*
polygamy	一夫多妻 (いっぷたさい)
torture	拷問 (ごうもん)
genocide	集団抹殺, ジェノサイド
threaten	脅迫する
religious belief	信教
paramilitary	準軍事
self-defense unit	自衛部隊
vigilante unit	自警部隊
rebel group	反逆団体
guerrilla band	ゲリラ隊
militia	国民軍・市民軍
insurgent troops	反乱軍
jail	拘置所 (こうちしょ)
prison camp	政治犯収容所
detention facility	収容施設
labor camp	強制労働収容所
detain	拘留する (こうりゅう)
authoritarianism	権威主義
commercialized vice	不法営利事業*
incite	扇動する (せんどう)
procure (a prostitute)	斡旋する (売春婦を)

* Thanks to Mak Sakamoto for assistance with asterisked terms.

tsugiki – grafting

admin — Mon, 25 Jul 2011 00:13:14 +0000

Grafting is the joining of two plants, such as the base of one for its hardy roots and the upper part of another for its fruit or flowers.

Grafting is called 接ぎ木 (つぎき) in Japanese. The base plant, called the stock or root stock/rootstock, is 台木 (だいき) in Japanese, and the upper plant known as the scion is called 穂木 (ほぎ) in Japanese.

The point of union between the two is known as the joint, graft bud or graft union, called the 接着部 (せっちゃくぶ) in Japanese.

See Anatomy of a Fruit Tree and How to Plant a Plum Tree for brief descriptions of grafted plants with photos and graphics. See also 接木苗用台木製造装置, a patent with a diagram of a grafted plant.

shuntei – momentary dip

admin — Sun, 24 Jul 2011 03:26:44 +0000

The word 瞬低 (しゅんてい), short for 瞬時電圧低下 (しゅんじでんあつていか), is a momentary dip in voltage or momentary drop in voltage.

tanesen – till

admin — Sat, 23 Jul 2011 05:04:27 +0000

In addition to the standard meanings given by dictionaries, the word 種銭 (たねせん) refers to the amount of money in the cash register before the start of the day (and at the end of the day, after the cash proceeds are removed), such as at a retail store. The 種銭 is used to make change for customers and the amount of the 種銭 is deducted from the total cash at the end of the day to find the cash proceeds.

In English, this is called the till, a word also meaning cash register.

Races in Ball Bearings

admin — Wed, 20 Jul 2011 07:05:11 +0000

In the construction of a ball bearing are two races. The inner race is known in Japanese as 内輪 (ないりん) and the outer race as 外輪 (がいりん).

Also, the part that holds the balls is known as the ball bearing cage or 保持器 (ほじき).

See “How Yo-Yos Work” and “Ball Bearing” for diagrams showing the construction of a ball bearing.

Injection Routes

admin — Mon, 18 Jul 2011 06:21:58 +0000

There are a number of injection or infusion methods used to deliver medicine to the body. Here is a partial list. Watch out in particular for intradermal injection 皮内注射 and subcutaneous injection 皮下注射, which are often confused in translation.

Blood Vessels – 血管 (けっかん)

intra-arterial (or intraarterial) injection - 動脈内注射 (どうみゃくないちゅうしゃ),
intravenous injection - 静脈内注射 (じょうみゃくないちゅうしゃ) or 静注 (じょうちゅう) for short

Bones – 骨 (ほね)

intrafemoral injection - 大腿骨内注射 (だいたいこつないちゅうしゃ) or 大腿内注射 (だいたいないちゅうしゃ) – not well attested on the Internet
intraosseous injection – 骨内注射 (こつないちゅうしゃ),
intratibial injection - 脛骨内注射 (けいこつないちゅうしゃ)

Ears – 耳 (みみ)

auricular injection - 耳内注射 (じないちゅうしゃ),
intratympanic injection - 中耳内注射 (ちゅうじないちゅうしゃ)

Eyes – 目・眼 (め)

intraocular injection – 眼内注射 (がんないちゅうしゃ)
periocular injection (and perhaps periorbital injection) - 眼周囲注射 (がんしゅういちゅうしゃ)

Heart – 心臓 (しんぞう)

cadiac injection – 心臓注射 (しんぞうちゅうしゃ),
intracardiac injection - 心臓内注射 (しんぞうないちゅうしゃ)

Muscles – 筋肉 (きんにく)

intramuscular injection - 筋肉内注射 (きんにくないちゅうしゃ)

Nose – 鼻 (はな)

intranasal injection – 鼻腔内注射 (びこうないちゅうしゃ), 鼻内注射 (びないちゅうしゃ)

Skin – 皮膚 (ひふ)

intradermal injection (also intracutaneous injection) – 皮内注射 (ひないちゅうしゃ),
percutanous injection – 経皮注射 (けいひちゅうしゃ),
subcutaneous injection - 皮下注射 (ひかちゅうしゃ)

Tongue – 舌 (した)

sublingual injection - 舌下注射 (ぜっかちゅうしゃ)

Other – その他 (そのた)

hemorrhoid injection - 痔核注射 (じかくちゅうしゃ),
intrathecal injection - 脊髄腔内注射 (せきずいこうない　ちゅうしゃ),
intraperitoneal injection - 腹腔内注射 (ふくくうちゅうしゃ)

We will be adding to this list as we come across new terms.

me-ni yasashii

admin — Sat, 16 Jul 2011 22:30:37 +0000

目に優しい is a general idiom meaning easy on the eyes.

PWM

admin — Sat, 16 Jul 2011 05:22:54 +0000

PWM is an abbreviation used in Japanese and English for pulse width modulation. The Japanese term for pulse width modulation is パルス幅変調.

反転ファン, 二重反転ファン

admin — Fri, 15 Jul 2011 20:59:30 +0000

Although there is not a lot of evidence on the Internet, 反転ファン (はんてんふぁん) or 二重反転ファン (にじゅう　はんてん　ふぁん) is found as both counter-rotating fan and counter-rotating axial fan, with or without the hyphen.

Citations:

反転ファンターボジェットエンジンの研究 =Study of Counter Rotating Axial Fan Turbojet Engine on the National Diet Library website (source PDF)
二重反転ファン空力音響の数値シミュレーション - Numerical Simulation of Counter-Rotating Fan Aeroacoustics on the J-Global website,
二重反転ファンロータ用歯車駆動システムの設計 - Design of a gear drive system for counter-rotating fan rotors on the J-Global website,
二重反転ファン – counter-rotating fans on the IBM Pre-Sales Advisor website

ハム

admin — Fri, 15 Jul 2011 02:25:48 +0000

ハム is a medical term used for electrocardiograms meaning “hum.” The terms 交流雑音 (こうりゅうざつおん) and 交流障害 (こうりゅうしょうがい) are also used.

To filter the hum out, a ハムフィルタ or hum filter may be used.